Difference between revisions of "3-Wheel Swerve"

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(Hypothetical Chassis Development)
 
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The 2013 change in perimeter rules (112 in overall perimeter vis-à-vis 28in x 38 in) open new potentials for non-rectangular robots.  The team decided to explore this.
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{{#ev:youtube|oq964D6By5g|360|right|Mackenzie driving the Tribot 3-swerve prototype}}The 2013 change in perimeter rules (112 in overall perimeter vis-à-vis 28in x 38 in) open new potentials for non-rectangular robots.   
  
 
In particular, the new rules reduce the stability penalty of a 3-wheeled robot design vis-à-vis the preceding 28" x 38" chassis limits.   
 
In particular, the new rules reduce the stability penalty of a 3-wheeled robot design vis-à-vis the preceding 28" x 38" chassis limits.   
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The team decided to explore this avenue as an off-season project.  It actually occupied two off-seasons with work starting in 2013 and continuing in 2014.  Urgency increased in 2014 with 6-CIM tank drive becoming established as the competitive standard.
  
 
==Benefits & deficits==
 
==Benefits & deficits==
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==Chassis Concepts==
 
==Chassis Concepts==
 
<gallery widths=400 heights=400 perrow=2>
 
<gallery widths=400 heights=400 perrow=2>
Image:Tribot111d.jpg|Equilateral triangle design on 111" polygonal perimeter  
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Image:Tribot111d.jpg|Equilateral triangle design on 111" polygonal perimeter - basis for the accompanying white paper: ''The Trouble with Tribots''
 
Image:Tribotwood3.jpg|Prototype design based on 111" geometry showing electronics locations
 
Image:Tribotwood3.jpg|Prototype design based on 111" geometry showing electronics locations
 
Image:Roundbot111.jpg|Equilateral swerve in a round chassis on 111" perimeter
 
Image:Roundbot111.jpg|Equilateral swerve in a round chassis on 111" perimeter
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==Control Logic & Mathematics==
 
==Control Logic & Mathematics==
[[image:Ocelot.jpg|550px|right]]
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[[image:Tribot_snake_turn.jpg|400px|right]]
White Paper: [[media:Tribot_white_paper.pdf|The Trouble with Tribots]]
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The new white paper, [[media:Tribot_white_paper.pdf|''The Trouble with Tribots'']], examines the geometry of a 3-swerve drive-train and the control logic needed for its proper function.  Crab, snake and ocelot drive modes are defines, together with the mathematics for control.  Both chassis-centric and field-centric control is considered.
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[[image:Ocelot.jpg|550px|left]]
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<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
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An [[media:Tribot_worksheet.xls|Excel worksheet]] is provided with the working mathematics and look-up tables.  The tables are for Snake and Ocelot.
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==Assembly and Testing==
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[[image:DBX_Tribot_140730_csm-1.jpg|350px|right|thumb|Lucy leads assembly of the Tribot prototype with assistance from Scott Featherman & [[User:Gdeaver|Gary Deaver]]]]The Tribot prototype was assembled onto a laser-cut plywood base which maintains 17.762" spacing from chassis CP to pivot axes.  Shape is equilateral.  2012 pivots were used for the prototype due to their availability.  We used Jaguar motor controllers and an 8-slot cRIO for the same reason.
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Nicholas programmed the chassis for chassis-centric control and we took it for a spin.
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Mackenzie reports very favorably on driving characteristics vis-à-vis [[DEWBOT X]].
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==2-CIM Swerve Module==
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Swerve modules were redesigned to accommodate two CIM motors each and geared for higher speed.  Each CIM drives its own HTD5 pulley and together they drive a common belt which drives an output pulley on the pivot's coaxial drive shaft.  The initial design used 18T pulleys on the CIMs with a 36T output pulley, yielding a 5.33:1 overall reduction (sprocket reduction was unchanged).  This was changed to 24T CIM pulleys and 44T output to increase the number of pulley teeth engaging the belt.  The 24T:44T combination yields a 4.89:1 overall reduction which should provide a top speed of about 16 ft/s.  The drive belt is a 595mm x 15mm HTD5 belt.
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Gary Deaver observed that the steering motors were very exposed to potential damage.  To protect the steering motors, the steering motor was reversed.  The steering belt is a 350mm x 15mm HTD5 belt.
  
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
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<gallery widths=400 heights=280 perrow=2>
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Image:2-cim_swerve_140823a.jpg|2-CIM swerve with steering motor in top position
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Image:2-cim_swerve_140823b.jpg|Front on view showing (3) module mount holes in bottom plate
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Image:2-cim_swerve_140825a.jpg|2-CIM swerve with steering motor reversed
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Image:2-cim_swerve_140829a.jpg|
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</gallery>
  
==Assembly and Testing==
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==Hypothetical Chassis Development==
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<gallery widths=400 heights=280 perrow=2>
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image:tribot_140830b.jpg|Hypothetical Tribot chassis
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image:tribot_140830a.jpg
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</gallery><gallery widths=400 heights=350 perrow=2>
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image:tribot_140919.jpg|Plan view
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image:tribot_140920c.jpg|Bottom view
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</gallery><gallery widths=400 heights=200 perrow=2>
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image:tribot_140920.jpg|rear elevation
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image:tribot_140920b.jpg|side elevation
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</gallery>
  
 
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[[Category:Robot]][[Category:DEWBOT IX]][[Category:DEWBOT X]][[Category:Drive-train]][[Category:Pivot Drive]][[Category:Photo Galleries]]
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[[Category:Robot]][[Category:DEWBOT IX]][[Category:DEWBOT X]][[Category:Drive-train]][[Category:Swerve Drive]][[Category:Photo Galleries]][[Category:Projects]]

Latest revision as of 04:02, 29 October 2015

Mackenzie driving the Tribot 3-swerve prototype
The 2013 change in perimeter rules (112 in overall perimeter vis-à-vis 28in x 38 in) open new potentials for non-rectangular robots.

In particular, the new rules reduce the stability penalty of a 3-wheeled robot design vis-à-vis the preceding 28" x 38" chassis limits.

The team decided to explore this avenue as an off-season project. It actually occupied two off-seasons with work starting in 2013 and continuing in 2014. Urgency increased in 2014 with 6-CIM tank drive becoming established as the competitive standard.

Benefits & deficits

Known, expected and perceived benefits and potential benefits of a 3-wheeled swerve drive-train are:

  • Reduced drive-train weight and cost
  • Enabling a more capable swerve drive-train (via 2-CIMS per module and/or shifting) by the consolidation of mass & cost into three modules in lieu of four
  • Reduced processing burden on controller (one less PID loop)
  • 60° corners could be more effective at driving between opposing robots than 90° corners
  • Longer sides could enable longer (wider) side mechanisms such as pick-ups
  • Stability is enhanced (vis-à-vis a square bot) during on-point collisions
  • Most likely loss-of-wheel-contact scenarios should still leave 2/3rds of wheels in contact with the field surface

Known, expected and perceived deficits of a 3-wheeled swerve drive-train are:

  • Reduced stability in general and especially during side-on collisions
  • Reduced chassis footprint area will make for a more crowded robot
  • Could be easier to block or pin due to longer sides
  • Most parts are square and fit more naturally and easily into a square chassis
  • We are going to need to remove bumpers to fit through standard width doors
  • Wheels will wear more quickly (for same surface area per wheel)
  • An ultimately wider chassis could have trouble negotiating a crowded or restricted field
  • Joystick controls are more naturally organized for rectangular/square robots
  • It is perceived that reduced wheel contact area will reduce traction (not true under Newtonian friction models, but friction is a complex phenomenon)

Chassis Concepts

Stability Calculations

Chassis stability is measured by the outer perimeter of the pivot axes (or casters, if these replace pivots). If the acceleration and incline adjusted projection of the robot's center of mass remains in this perimeter, the robot remains upright; but if that projection falls outside this perimeter, the robot can tip over. When stationary & level, this projection of the center of mass is straight down (gravity being the other acceleration at work). The same is true when the robot is moving at a constant velocity (with velocity being a vector; comprising both speed and direction). Inclining the robot (such as on a ramp), does not change the direction of the projection, but the incline does move the projected point on the field surface. Acceleration (which includes stopping and direction changes) shifts the direction of the projection (the gravitational and negative acceleration vectors are added).

Naturally, chassis stability is angle dependent.

Chassis stability was assessed for chassis with 3, 4, 5 & 6 pivots on a regular polygonal pattern. Pivot axes were 2.7 inches from the frame perimeter (to allow pivot rotation). Chassis perimeters were constant at 111 inches (versus 112 inch 2013 rule maximum). Polygon apexes were truncated to the 2.7" tangent from the pivot axes. The stability of both polygonal and round chassis were determined. DEWBOT IX was included in the analysis as a reference.


Control Logic & Mathematics

Tribot snake turn.jpg

The new white paper, The Trouble with Tribots, examines the geometry of a 3-swerve drive-train and the control logic needed for its proper function. Crab, snake and ocelot drive modes are defines, together with the mathematics for control. Both chassis-centric and field-centric control is considered.

Ocelot.jpg
















An Excel worksheet is provided with the working mathematics and look-up tables. The tables are for Snake and Ocelot.

Assembly and Testing

Lucy leads assembly of the Tribot prototype with assistance from Scott Featherman & Gary Deaver
The Tribot prototype was assembled onto a laser-cut plywood base which maintains 17.762" spacing from chassis CP to pivot axes. Shape is equilateral. 2012 pivots were used for the prototype due to their availability. We used Jaguar motor controllers and an 8-slot cRIO for the same reason.

Nicholas programmed the chassis for chassis-centric control and we took it for a spin.

Mackenzie reports very favorably on driving characteristics vis-à-vis DEWBOT X.

2-CIM Swerve Module

Swerve modules were redesigned to accommodate two CIM motors each and geared for higher speed. Each CIM drives its own HTD5 pulley and together they drive a common belt which drives an output pulley on the pivot's coaxial drive shaft. The initial design used 18T pulleys on the CIMs with a 36T output pulley, yielding a 5.33:1 overall reduction (sprocket reduction was unchanged). This was changed to 24T CIM pulleys and 44T output to increase the number of pulley teeth engaging the belt. The 24T:44T combination yields a 4.89:1 overall reduction which should provide a top speed of about 16 ft/s. The drive belt is a 595mm x 15mm HTD5 belt.

Gary Deaver observed that the steering motors were very exposed to potential damage. To protect the steering motors, the steering motor was reversed. The steering belt is a 350mm x 15mm HTD5 belt.

Hypothetical Chassis Development